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考研英语前缀总结·十六
阅读量:2052 次
发布时间:2019-04-28

本文共 5772 字,大约阅读时间需要 19 分钟。

名词后缀

      -ability,ibility:表示能力,可能性,适宜性;例子:able,flexible,responsible,capable,available,incredible,probable,possible,understandable,acceptable,reachabl
-age:动作,过程,集合数量,身份,状况;例子:post,short,use,carry,front,leak,sink,teen
-al:……的动作,……的过程;例子:arrive,refuse,deny
-an,-ian,-arian:具有……特征的(人),信奉……的(人),精通……的(人);例子:library,music,magic,physic,civil,guard,history,logic,politic,vulgar
-ance,-ence:行动,过程,性质,状况,物件;例子:absorb,appear,refer,confident,convey,insure,perform,prefer,exist,emerge
-ancy,-ency:进行……动作的人,施行……作用者;例子:apply,correspond,assist,descend,inhabit,serve,defend
-cy:状态,性质;例子:accurate,private,adjacent,blatant,coherent,fluent,hesitate,urgent,vacant
-dom:职位,地位,领域,(同一职务、行业或利益等的)全体;例子:king,free,bore,gang,official,puzzle,queen,sports,star,wise
-ee:受动者,受益者,行动者,出于某种情况下的人;例子:employ,interview,devote,examine,train,trust,absent,dedicate,quiz
-er,-or,-ar:做……动作的人(或动物),职业与……有关的人,与……相关的人;例子:paint(painter),beg(beggar),command(commander),manufacture(manufacturer),murder(murderer),own(owner),prison(prisoner),produce(producer),act(actor)
-ery:场所,职业,技术,性质,行为,类事物;例子:brave,slave,bake,bribe,cook,discover,forge,lot,nurse,pot
-ese:……人;例子:China,Japan,Portugal,Vietnam,Burma,Milan,Nepal,Senegal,Taiwan,Vienna
-ess:女性;例子:actor(actress),waiter(waitress),baron(baroness:女男爵),emperor(empress:女皇),host,prince,steward(stewardess:女管家,服务员),god(goddess:女神)
-ful:充满……所需的能量;例子:hand,spoon,mouth,bowl,book,cup,cart,glass,jar,jug(jugful:一壶的分量)
-hood:状态,状况,(具有相同性质或状况等的)成员;例子:child,man(manhood:成年,男子气概,男子,刚毅之气),adult,baby,bachelor,boy,brother,daughter,father(fatherhood:父亲的身份,父性,父权),mother
-ics:学科,活动,性质,现象;例子:electron,linguist,aerobat,economy,hysteria,robot
-ion,-ition,-ation:行为,过程,表示行为(或过程)的结果;例子:collection,observation,action,abortion,calculation,cancelation,decoration,imitation,impression,liberalization
-ism:主义,信仰,特征;例子:Marxism,socialism,barbarism(野蛮状态或行为,不规范的词或表达方式),Buddhism,heroism,modernism,passivism,optimism,enthusiastic,pessimism
-ist:……的实行者,……专业人员,……专家,……特性的;例子:psychiatrist,violinist,pianoist,defeatist,novelist,typist,dogmatist,specialist,tourist,loyalist
-ity,-ty:状态,特性,程度;例子:cruelty,purity,certainty,loyalty,novelty,absurdity,immensity,rapidity,reality,stupidity
-ment:行为,过程,状态,产物,结果,场所:movement,retirement,astonishment,judgement,fulfillment,treatment,employment,embodiment,encouragement,government
-ness:性质,状态,程度;例子:darkness,happiness,adhesiveness(粘性,粘度)consciousness,friendliness,goodness;kindness,likeness,madness,wordiness
ology:……学;例子:climatology,fulurology,bacteriology,environmentology,fossilogy,immunology,micrology,oceanology,robotology,vulcanology(火山学)
-ship:身份,地位,情况,性质,状态,技能,……之间的关系;例子:friend,scholar,citizen,fellow,hard,partner,relation,workman,censor,champion
-sion,-ssion:行为,性质,状态,结果;decision,expansion,admission,conclusion,confusion,explosion,expression,possession,provision,supervision,
-th:动作,过程,状态,性质;例子:growth,width,death,warmth,stealth
-ure:动作,过程,动作的结果,职务,执行职务的机构;例子:closure,exposure,departure,disclosure,expose,failure,legislature,mixture,pressure,seizure

动词后缀

-en:使,使成为,使有,具有;例子:deepen,fasten,widen,darken,hasten,heighten,lengthen,sharpen,weaken,worsen
-ify:classify,simplify,justify,purify,signify,personify,acidify,beautify,diversify,glorify
-ize,-ise:以……方式对待,使成为……状态;例子:modernise/modernize,popular,civil,drama(dramatize/dramatise),general,organ,special,victim,visual,harmony,

形容词后缀

-able,-iable:可……的,能……的,值得……的;例子:suit,question,avail,change,desire,notice,reason,horror,debate,defend
-al:……的,具有……特性的;例子:natural,structure,brute,occident,orient,economic,eccentric,education,season,norm
-an,-arian,-ian:……地方的人,具有……的特征,信奉……的;例子:suburban,Canadian,European,republican,EgyptIan,Christian,American,Australian,equalitarian
-ant,-ent:进行……动作的,处于……状态的;例子:different,pleasant,defiant,luxuriant,triumphant,reliant
-ary,-ory:表示……的,与……有关的;例子:advisory,customary,elementary,imaginary,reactionary,rudimentary,secondary,traditionary,sensory
-ate:……的,有……的,充满……的……的;例子:considerate,fortunate,affectionate,passionate,obstinate
-en:由……制的(或构成的),……样的;例子:golden,wooden,brazen,earthen,leaden,woolen
-free:无……的,无……妨碍的;例子:carefree,duty-free,ice-free,rent-free,smoke-free,tax-free,interest-free(无息的),cost-free,lead-free,heart-free(不为爱情所困的,不知恋爱滋味的)
-ful:充满……的,有……特性的,显出……的;例子:careful,painful,dreadful,fruitful,graceful,mercyful,mournful,regretful,scornful,shameful
-ic,-ical:……的,与……有关的,像……的,具有……性质的;例子:atomic,psychological,athletic,carbonic,diplomatic,fantastic,idiotic,patriotic,scenic,academic
-ish:稍带……的,有点儿……的,……一样的,……似的,有……特征的;例子:girlish,childish,bookish,brownish,feverish,yellowish,mannish,boyish,womanish
-ive:表示……的,与……有关的,有……性质的,有……倾向的;例子:creatice,supportive,exclusive,exhaustive,imaginative,massive,respective,active,reactive,negative
-less:无,没有,不,不能;例子:hopeless,painless,aimless,groundless,helpless,odorless,priceless,restless,senseless,shapeless
-like:像……的, 有……特征的;例子:childlike,ladylike,businesslike,sportsmanlike,warlike,womanlike,airlike,catlike,deathlike,dreamlike
-ly:像……那样的,有……特性的,适合……的;例子:manly,monthly,costly,bodily,cowardly,earthly,friendly,timely,worldly,leisurely
-ous,-ious:具有……的,多……的,有……特性的;例子:dangerous,poisonous,covetous,envious,furious,industrious(勤奋的),spacious,perilous(危险的,冒险的),laborious(费力的),glorious
-some:易于……的,有……倾向的,产生……的,引起……的;例子:tiresome,troublesome,burdensome,meddlesome(爱管闲事的,爱干预的),quarrelsome,wearisome,wholesome,awesome,chillsome
-ward:向……的;例子:downward,upward,backward,eastward,homeward,onward,seaward,westward,southward,northward
-y:有……的,多……的,有点……的,颇……的,具……性质的:例子:guilty,noisy,bloody,bushy,cloudy,dusky(昏暗的,黑暗的),greedy,scanty(不足的,勉强够的)worthy

副词后缀

-ly:以……方式,在……方面,至……程度:例子:easily,heavily,absolutely,actually,barely,invariably,literally,readily,shortly,violently
-ward,-wards:向;例子:east(eastward,eastwards),north,after,back,in,south,up,sun,left
-wise:样子,位置,方向,在……方面;例子:clockwise,otherwise,crosswise,likewise,sidewise,cornerwise,coastwise,circlewise,crabwise,anywise

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